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Download full textPhelps, Richard P. – Network News & Views, 1996
Starting in the late 1980s, two teams of researchers, well known for their criticism of standardized tests on equity and validity grounds, began attacking standardized testing on efficiency grounds as well, using cost-benefit analysis to do it. Their analyses are reviewed, and their conclusions discussed. The first team, Lorrie A. Shepard, Amelia…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Cost Effectiveness, Educational History, Elementary Secondary Education
Phelps, Richard P. – Online Submission, 2005
John J. Cannell's late 1980s "Lake Wobegon" reports suggested widespread deliberate educator manipulation of norm-referenced standardized test (NRT) administrations and results, resulting in artificial test score gains. The Cannell studies have been referenced in education research since, but as evidence that high stakes (and not cheating or lax…
Descriptors: Testing Programs, Achievement Gains, Standardized Tests, Norm Referenced Tests
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