Noting that assessment plays a prominent role in all levels of the American educational system, this report characterizes the realities of reading assessment and its historical evolution. The report then characterizes possible approaches to shaping the future of reading assessment--resistance, complacency, and reform. The report considers the rationale, feasibility, and possible consequences of each approach. The report concludes that: the realities of educational politics in the United States mean that wide-scale, efficient forms of assessment will continue to be needed, or at least mandated by policy makers; and that only through reform can assessment become a positive force in the lives of children and teachers. (Contains 27 references.) (Author/RS)