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Direct linkLiu, Jiajun; Hu, Shouping; Pascarella, Ernest T. – Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 2021
Using data from the Wabash National Study of Liberal Arts Education (WNS), this study examined the college experiences and cognitive outcomes of non-native English speaking (NNES) students. After an extensive control of precollege and college level influences, results indicate that NNES students had a lower level of participation in collaborative…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Disadvantaged, Student Experience
Culver, K. C.; Braxton, John M.; Pascarella, Ernest T. – Journal of Higher Education, 2021
Academic rigor has long been considered important for students' learning and development in higher education. However, findings about students' outcomes from previous studies of rigor are mixed, in part because of varying conceptions of what constitutes rigor. In quantitative research, rigor is often operationalized in one of two ways: through…
Descriptors: Academic Standards, Difficulty Level, Undergraduate Students, Cognitive Development
