Spirituality and religion are not synonymous and, in fact, require not only different definitions but also appropriate vocabulary. A deeper discussion of the issues concerning spirituality ensues in several sections: 1) fundamental differences between spirituality and religion; 2) brain operations relative to transcendent states; 3) a definition…

Explores the personal and informal dimensions of listening to and making music, noting the varieties of genres and cultural representations in Hawaii. The article explains how to expand one's experiences with music and discusses how to select musical activities. Descriptions of pitch, time, medium, form, and expression are included. (SM)

Suggests that music is a psychic necessity that originates in the structure of the brain and is passed on genetically from one generation to the next. States that both the differentiations by culture and subculture and the human fundamental impetus to make music should be a part of music education. (CMK)

Points out importance of the Paideia Proposal for music and music education, including educating all students in music, emphases on performance and appreciation, and programs for music teacher education. Notes limitations of the proposal with regard to music teacher education. (MH)

Examines spirituality in music, not as a historical perspective, but as an essential, experiential component. Discusses transcendent states engendered in religion, music, and art. Calls for a new conceptualization of arts education and curriculum incorporating spirituality into humanistic education and self actualization. (MJP)