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Osipian, Ararat L.2
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Osipian, Ararat L. – Online Submission, 2008
This paper considers corruption in higher education in Russia as reflected in the national media, including such aspects as corruption in admissions to higher education institutions and corruption in administering the newly introduced standardized test. The major focus is on the opinions of the leading figures of the education reform as related to…
Descriptors: Higher Education, Standardized Tests, Educational Change, Foreign Countries
Osipian, Ararat L. – Online Submission, 2005
This paper argues that corruption is used on a systematic basis as a mechanism of direct and indirect administrative control from the state level down to local authorities and administrations of public and private institutions. Informal approval of corrupt activities in exchange for loyalty and compliance with the regime is commonplace in many…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Cheating, Deception, Social Problems