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Ogbu, John U. – Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 1987
Educational Anthropology has sought to explain performance differences between groups of students. The real issues are not language, cognitive style, or upbringing. Instead, the differences have to do with unequal educational opportunity, the relationship between minority and majority groups, and the lack of encouragement for minorities in the…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Cultural Differences, Educational Anthropology, Equal Education

Ogbu, John U. – Comparative Education Review, 1983
Provides a model for conceptually distinguishing among different kinds of minorities. Applies such distinctions to the school experiences of one castelike minority group (Black Americans) and one immigrant minority group (Chinese Americans) to show why the former but not the latter is characterized by persistent disproportionate school failure.…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Bias, Blacks, Caste

Ogbu, John U. – Theory into Practice, 1992
Examines community forces underlying the educational problems of African Americans and other voluntary and involuntary minorities. Community forces differentiate minority groups facing similar barriers in society and in schools. Options created by community forces allow choices of action that result in individual differences in schooling outcome.…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Academic Failure, Black Students, Elementary Secondary Education