The Academic WorkForce Survey has been conducted every two years since 1986. Between March and June 2018, researchers contacted 797 physics and astronomy departments (including 39 astronomy-only departments) that award a bachelor's degree or higher in physics or astronomy. Responses were received from 720 institutions, a 90% response rate. This Focus On series uses data from the 2018 Academic WorkForce Survey, in addition to the 2014 and 2010 surveys. This is due to the difference in data collected in each two-year cycle of the survey. This report provides results regarding the number of women among newly hired physics faculty, the number of female professors in physics departments, and the number of women in astronomy departments.