With the hopeful prospect of new money before them and the continued pressure to stretch every dollar, school districts face a choice: do more of the same, or seize this moment of change to re-envision schooling to better meet student needs. This means thinking strategically about the resources school systems have and ensuring new funds go toward powerful ideas that will increase student achievement--not toward the same practices and policies that haven't gotten them where they need to be. Education Resource Strategies (ERS) have worked with over 40 urban districts and four state departments of education to analyze how they're using resources--including people, time, and money--and identified better ways to meet student needs. To seize this moment of transformation, district leaders should make two big shifts. First, they should empower strong, redesigned schools. Second, they should strategically invest and organize resources. This report outlines nine key areas where districts should pay particular attention to restructuring: (1) Restructure one-size-fits-all teacher compensation and job structures to foster individual and team effectiveness, and reward contribution and demonstrated effectiveness; (2) Realign investment in professional learning to focus on rigorous, comprehensive curricula and assessments; content-focused, expert-led collaboration; and frequent-growth oriented feedback--rather than one-off workshops; (3) Rethink rigid class sizes and one-teacher classroom models to target individual attention, especially for struggling students; (4) Optimize existing time to meet student and teacher needs and expand as needed; (5) Leverage special education spending to provide early intervention and targeted individual attention for all students; (6) Support and develop leadership teams; (7) Revisit school funding to increase flexibility and match need; (8) Leverage outside partners and technology to maintain or improve quality at lower cost; and (9) Redesign central offices for efficiency and school leader empowerment.