Research has found strong linkages between adolescent substance use and attitudes toward school. Few studies of this relationship, however, consider the different dimensions of students' school attitudes, separating perceptions of the importance of school from the quality of students' affective experiences therein. Using a sample of 301 urban adolescents, evenly divided into substance users and nonusers, this study examines the relationships between these two dimensions of school attitudes and substance use. Findings highlight a subset of adolescent substance users who see school as the most important place in which they routinely spend time and who differ significantly from other users, but not from nonusers, in their expressed satisfaction with school. Results also call attention to the ubiquity of urban adolescents' dissatisfaction with their teachers, showing such dissatisfaction as unrelated to their rates of substance use. Implications for school reform, dropout prevention programs, and future research are discussed. (Contains 5 tables.)