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Wise Use of Coordinated Early Intervening Services (CEIS) to Achieve Equity in School Discipline
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Austin, Sean C.; von Ravensberg, Heidi; McIntosh, Kent – Center on Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports, 2022
Disproportionality in exclusionary school discipline is a longstanding challenge in general and special education. To reduce disproportionality in discipline in a way that produces measurable results, federal law provides a mechanism referred to as Coordinated Early Intervening Services (CEIS). Whether a school district has been cited for…
Descriptors: Agency Cooperation, Delivery Systems, Early Intervention, Equal Education
Enhancing School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports Tier 1 Core Practices to Improve Disciplinary Equity
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Bastable, Eoin; Falcon, Sarah Fairbanks; Nese, Rhonda; Meng, Paul; McIntosh, Kent – Preventing School Failure, 2021
Addressing racial disparities in school discipline is an urgent and widespread issue facing US schools. One approach to improve racial equity in school discipline practice is to enhance the contextual fit of empirically validated schoolwide practices. Schoolwide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (SWPBIS) is a widely implemented and…
Descriptors: Racial Differences, Racial Bias, Disproportionate Representation, Discipline
Associations between Community-Level Racial Biases, Office Discipline Referrals, and Out-of-School Suspensions
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Girvan, Erik J.; McIntosh, Kent; Santiago-Rosario, Maria R. – School Psychology Review, 2021
This study examined the extent to which disparities in Black and White students' risks of receiving office discipline referrals (ODRs), and out-of-school suspensions (OSSs) were related to differences in implicit and explicit racial biases assessed at the community level. The sample consisted of discipline records for 1,354,010 students enrolled…
Descriptors: Correlation, Racial Bias, Community Attitudes, Suspension