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Direct linkHamilton, Christopher J.; Mahalik, James R. – Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2009
The authors examined the contributions of the minority stress model, traditional masculine gender roles, and perceived social norms in accounting for gay men's use of alcohol, tobacco, illicit drugs, and risky sexual practices. Three hundred fifteen gay men recruited from listserv communities completed measures assessing internalized homophobia,…
Descriptors: Drinking, Norms, Homosexuality, Males
Mahalik, James R.; Pierre, Martin R.; Wan, Samuel S. C. – Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 2006
Data presented for 124 young adult Black men indicate that self-esteem was positively related to participants' Internalization racial identity attitudes, and negatively related to conformity to traditional masculine norms in the dominant culture in the United States. Psychological distress was positively related to Pre-Encounter and…
Descriptors: Social Behavior, Psychology, Young Adults, Norms
