Descriptor
| Change | 2 |
| Counseling Theories | 2 |
| Client Characteristics (Human… | 1 |
| Individual Development | 1 |
| Metaphors | 1 |
| Psychotherapy | 1 |
Author
| Lyddon, William J. | 2 |
| Clay, Alison L. | 1 |
| Sparks, Cheri L. | 1 |
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| Journal Articles | 2 |
| Information Analyses | 1 |
| Opinion Papers | 1 |
| Reports - Descriptive | 1 |
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First- and Second-Order Change: Implications for Rationalist and Constructivist Cognitive Therapies.
Peer reviewedLyddon, William J. – Journal of Counseling and Development, 1990
Considers inquiry into the nature and process of change to be fundamental to the domains of counseling and psychotherapy. Clarifies distinction between first- and second-order change. Proposes that rationalist approaches to counseling are guided by first-order assumptions about change whereas constructivist approaches are based on second-order…
Descriptors: Change, Counseling Theories, Psychotherapy
Peer reviewedLyddon, William J.; Clay, Alison L.; Sparks, Cheri L. – Journal of Counseling & Development, 2001
Increased general interest among counselors in the way language, narratives, and stories influence clients' personal and social realities has drawn particular attention to metaphorical language and its facilitative role in counseling. Suggests that metaphors and metaphorical knowing may play a significant role in facilitating at least five…
Descriptors: Change, Client Characteristics (Human Services), Counseling Theories, Individual Development
