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Livingston, Samuel A.; Chen, Haiwen H. – ETS Research Report Series, 2015
Quantitative information about test score reliability can be presented in terms of the distribution of equated scores on an alternate form of the test for test takers with a given score on the form taken. In this paper, we describe a procedure for estimating that distribution, for any specified score on the test form taken, by estimating the joint…
Descriptors: Scores, Statistical Distributions, Research Reports, Equated Scores
Livingston, Samuel A. – 1976
A distinction is made between reliability of measurement and reliability of classification; the "criterion-referenced reliability coefficient" describes the former. Application of this coefficient to the probability distribution of possible scores for a single student yields a meaningful way to describe the reliability of a single score. (Author)
Descriptors: Classification, Criterion Referenced Tests, Error of Measurement, Measurement
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Livingston, Samuel A.; Lewis, Charles – Journal of Educational Measurement, 1995
A method is presented for estimating the accuracy and consistency of classifications based on test scores. The reliability of the score is used to estimate effective test length in terms of discrete items. The true-score distribution is estimated by fitting a four-parameter beta model. (SLD)
Descriptors: Classification, Estimation (Mathematics), Scores, Statistical Distributions
Livingston, Samuel A.; Lewis, Charles – 1993
This paper presents a method for estimating the accuracy and consistency of classifications based on test scores. The scores can be produced by any scoring method, including the formation of a weighted composite. The estimates use data from a single form. The reliability of the score is used to estimate its effective test length in terms of…
Descriptors: Classification, Error of Measurement, Estimation (Mathematics), Reliability
Livingston, Samuel A. – 1970
The procedure of estimating true scores by means of a transformation of the obtained score based on the reliability coefficient is compared with the use of the obtained score without transformation. Using the mean squared error as a criterion, the transformed score is a better estimate for most examinees but poorer for those whose true scores lie…
Descriptors: Analysis of Variance, Measurement, Raw Scores, Scores