Racial categories, inequalities, and hierarchies have shaped life in the United States since the formation of the country. For children and youth in the immigrant and second generations, schools are central sites of racialization. In this article, we focus on what the educational research suggests about the role of schooling in the racialization…

Explored how Hmong American high school students interpreted the meaning of being Hmong in the United States, examining how the culture of whiteness shaped their experiences and understandings of being American. The culture of whiteness led these students to internalize the message that whites were the only real Americans. They were very aware…

Pushing the boundaries of Asian American educational discourse, this book explores the way a group of first- and second-generation Hmong students created their identities as "new Americans" in response to their school experiences. Offering an opportunity to rethink the "norm," this important volume pays particular attention to…