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Direct linkLacoe, Johanna; Steinberg, Matthew P. – Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 2019
Discipline reformers claim that suspensions negatively affect suspended students, while others suggest reforms have unintended consequences for peers. Using student panel data from the School District of Philadelphia, we implement student fixed effects and instrumental variable (IV) strategies to examine the consequences of suspensions for…
Descriptors: Discipline Policy, Educational Change, Suspension, Outcomes of Education
Steinberg, Matthew P.; Lacoe, Johanna – American Journal of Education, 2018
States and districts are revising discipline policies to reduce out-of-school suspensions (OSSs), but the consequences of these reforms are largely unknown. We examine a reform in Philadelphia that prohibited OSS for classroom disorder infractions. Employing a difference-in-differences approach, we examine the relationship between the reform and…
Descriptors: Educational Change, Discipline Policy, Suspension, School Districts
Steinberg, Matthew P.; Lacoe, Johanna – Education Next, 2017
What evidence supports the call for discipline reform? How might alternative strategies affect students and schools? In this article, the authors describe the critiques of exclusionary discipline and then examine the research base on which discipline policy reform rests. They also describe the alternative approaches that are gaining traction in…
Descriptors: Discipline, Discipline Policy, Administrative Principles, Suspension
Lacoe, Johanna; Steinberg, Matthew P. – Peabody Journal of Education, 2018
Beginning in the early 1990s, states and districts enacted zero-tolerance discipline policies that relied heavily on out-of-school suspensions. Recently, districts nationwide have revised these policies in favor of more tempered disciplinary responses. In 2012-2013, Philadelphia reformed its discipline policy to limit suspensions for nonviolent…
Descriptors: Zero Tolerance Policy, Discipline Policy, Educational Change, Principals
Download full textSteinberg, Matthew P.; Lacoe, Johanna – Thomas B. Fordham Institute, 2017
One important question about school discipline is whether it helps or harms those being disciplined. But a second, equally important question is whether a push to reduce the number of suspensions is harmful to the rule-abiding majority. This study examines outcomes in the School District of Philadelphia (SDP), which made dramatic changes to its…
Descriptors: Discipline Policy, School Policy, School Districts, Urban Schools
Lacoe, Johanna – Institute for Education and Social Policy, 2013
Inequality in educational outcomes is a frequent topic of policy debate. This paper investigates one potential source of educational inequality--school safety. With panel survey data of middle school students, this paper estimates racial gaps in student feelings of safety in the classroom, in the hallways, and outside the school building, and how…
Descriptors: School Safety, Equal Education, Middle School Students, Racial Differences
