A multiple-phase study was conducted to develop a reliable and valid instrument to examine teachers' attitudes toward teaching physical activity and fitness. Thirty-one subjects participated in the preliminary study involving the development of an attitude instrument. Subjects for the content validity study were 28 experts in physical education pedagogy. They were sent items from the attitude instrument and asked to organize them into the four domain areas of the instrument. Subjects for the reliability and validity issues were 254 teachers. Results from the content validity and reliability studies, along with the study's objectives, were used to develop the final instrument. Statistical results indicate that a reliable and valid instrument has been developed to measure teachers' attitudes toward teaching physical activity and fitness. Investigating teachers' attitudes in this area will lead to a better understanding of the role physical activity and fitness currently play in physical education. (Contains 5 tables and 28 references.) (Author/SLD)