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Kochanska, Grazyna – Child Development, 1995
Used behavioral observation and maternal reports to examine the relationship of fearfulness/anxiety, attachment security, and maternal discipline with internalization in 103 toddlers. For relatively fearful/anxious children, gentle maternal discipline that deemphasized power predicted internalization. For relatively fearless children, security of…
Descriptors: Anxiety, Attachment Behavior, Discipline, Fear
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Kochanska, Grazyna; Forman, David R.; Aksan, Nazan; Dunbar, Stephen B. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2005
Background: Associations between early mother-child mutually responsive orientation (MRO) and children's conscience have been previously established, but the mechanisms accounting for those links are not understood. We examined three such mediational mechanisms: (a) the child's enhanced enjoyment of interactions with the mother, (b) increased…
Descriptors: Mothers, Parent Child Relationship, Anxiety, Moral Development