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Direct linkKirschner, Femke; Paas, Fred; Kirschner, Paul A.; Janssen, Jeroen – Learning and Instruction, 2011
The effectiveness and efficiency of individual versus collaborative learning was investigated as a function of instructional format among 140 high school students in the domain of biology. The instructional format either emphasized worked examples, which needed to be studied or the equivalent problems, which needed to be solved. Because problem…
Descriptors: Problem Solving, Cooperative Learning, High School Students, Biology
Kirschner, Femke; Paas, Fred; Kirschner, Paul A. – Educational Psychology Review, 2009
This article presents a review of research comparing the effectiveness of individual learning environments with collaborative learning environments. In reviewing the literature, it was determined that there is no clear and unequivocal picture of how, when, and why the effectiveness of these two approaches to learning differ, a result which may be…
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, Cognitive Processes, Learning Strategies, Cooperative Learning
