This study examined changes in China's college student fitness test batteries since its inception in 1954. Using the constant content comparison method, the testing components, testing items and related cut-off values, testing methods, testing results utility, and testing material distribution were examined to identify the salient trends. The results presented a notable shift of testing components from skill-related fitness to health-related fitness. The total number of testing items has been reduced, resulting in fewer optional testing items. New test methods were implemented since 2014 and the cut-off values for aerobic fitness decreased, while others remained the same or slightly increased over time. The test results were included in student grade point average for partially assessing students' academic achievement. There is a need to improve the quality of the test website, and more attention should be given to the possible use of new technology in college student health-related fitness testing.