If present trends in family life and education continue into the next decade, most children under five will spend substantial proportions of their early years in various types of early childhood programs, most five- to six-year-olds will attend all-day kindergarten, and during their elementary school years they will spend much of their time before and after school in some kind of out-of-home setting. This report discusses some of the main issues involved in those trends. They are: (1) advantages and disadvantages of schooling for four-year-olds; (2) advantages and disadvantages of full-day kindergarten; (3) school entry age; (4) school readiness and screening: (5) alternative programs for those not ready: (6) retention in grade in the elementary years; (7) curriculum issues, especially curriculum "shove down" and comparative effects of different kinds of curriculum; and (8) parent involvement and parent education. A list of references is included. (PS)