Results are given of six experiments made to test the hypothesis that urban Anglo-Americans are alloplastic, i.e., try to adjust the environment to fit their own needs, and rural Mexicans are autoplastic, i.e., adjust themselves to meet the presses of the environment. A seventh experiment is proposed. It was predicted that urban Anglo-American children would be more field independent and non-conformist than rural Mexican children in situations traditionally used to measure those variables, and that at novel behavioral choice points, Anglo-Americans would be higher in behaviors indicating preference for internal control, high aspirations and achievement, expression of desires, and risk taking. The proposed experiment will be based on the prediction that when urban Anglo-American and rural Mexican children are placed in a situation in which either too little or too much alloplastic behavior is nonadaptive, the Anglo-American will be overly alloplastic in contrast to the rural Mexican who will be insufficiently alloplastic. A review is made of literature used as bases for the alloplastic-autoplastic hypothesis. The experiments are grouped as follows: A. Cultural Mode and Traditional Choice Points--Exp. 1, Field Dependence, Exp. 2, Conformity; B. Cultural Mode and Novel Choice Points--Exp. 3, Preference for Control, Exp. 4, Preference for Achievement and Aspiration, Exp. 5, Preference for Risk Taking; and C. Cultural Mode and Adaptivity--Exp. 7, Alloplastic Behavior and Adaptivity. A lengthy bibliography is provided. (DB)