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Perceived Norms and Social Values to Capture School Culture in Elementary and Middle School
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Galvan, Adriana; Spatzier, Agnieszka; Juvonen, Jaana – Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 2011
The current study was designed to gain insights into shifting school culture by examining perceived peer group norms and social values across elementary and middle school grades. Perceived norms were assessed by asking participants (N = 605) to estimate how many grade mates were academically engaged, disengaged, and antisocial. To capture social…
Descriptors: Middle Schools, Social Status, School Culture, Peer Groups
Relative Importance of Parents and Peers: Differences in Academic and Social Behaviors at Three Grade Levels Spanning Late Childhood and Early Adolescence
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Masten, Carrie L.; Juvonen, Jaana; Spatzier, Agnieszka – Journal of Early Adolescence, 2009
By focusing on school-based behaviors, this study examined the validity of a lay assumption that peers match, and even surpass, parents in terms of their importance as socialization agents by early adolescence. Self-reported academic and social behaviors, peer group norms, and perceived parent values were assessed among fourth, sixth, and eighth…
Descriptors: Social Behavior, Early Adolescents, Peer Influence, Norms