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Mainstreaming and Cooperative Learning Strategies.
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Johnson, David W.; Johnson, Roger T. – Exceptional Children, 1986
Elements of cooperation learning and the specific actions for implementing it are presented, including positive interdependence, individual accountability, collaborative skills, and group processing. Effects on relationships between disabled and nondisabled students are summarized. The teacher's role in implementing cooperative learning is…
Descriptors: Cooperation, Disabilities, Elementary Secondary Education, Learning Strategies
Effects of Cooperative, Competitive, and Individualistic Learning Experiences on Social Development.
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Johnson, Roger T.; Johnson, David W. – Exceptional Children, 1983
Results indicated that cooperative learning experiences, compared with competitive and individualistic ones, promoted more interpersonal attraction between 12 learning disabled and behavior problem fourth graders and 47 nonhandicapped peers and promoted higher self-esteem for all students. Cooperation promoted greater perspective-taking ability…
Descriptors: Behavior Problems, Competition, Cooperation, Elementary Education
Different Cooperative Learning Procedures and Cross-Handicap Relationships.
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Johnson, David W.; And Others – Exceptional Children, 1986
Two studies compared effects of different levels of cooperation (cooperative controversy, cooperative debate, individualistic; and intergroup cooperation vs intergroup competition) on cross-handicap interaction among 123 intermediate grade students (normal or learning/behavior disordered). Pure cooperation promoted more frequent cross-handicap…
Descriptors: Competition, Cooperation, Emotional Disturbances, Generalization