This article presents a research which examines the impact of religion, gender, and parental socioeconomic status on school attendance in Nigeria. Researchers found that both gender and parental socioeconomic status have significant impacts on school attendance. Although gender is an important determinant of school attendance, indicators of…

Census Bureau data, 1970-90, indicate that families of nonmetropolitan poor children relied more heavily on parental earnings and less on public assistance than their metropolitan counterparts, but reliance on public assistance rose sharply during the period, especially for nonmetro children. Welfare's ability to ameliorate poverty was modest and…

Studied life satisfaction of urban and nonurban elderly Vermonters (N=1405). Results confirm that there are few significant objective differences, however, the nonurban felt subjectively that they were better off. Perceived evaluations of status were found to be better predictors of life satisfaction than objective measures. (Author)

Data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (1988 wave) reveal that nonpoor individuals aged 55 and older living in nonmetropolitan areas were much more likely to become poor than their metropolitan counterparts. This difference persisted when controlling for race, education, marital status, age, change in work effort, becoming widowed, and types…

Rural poverty among female-headed families with children has declined since 1996 welfare reforms. Moreover, the income of female-headed families has increased, while income from earnings has more than offset declines in public assistance income. Rural single mothers nevertheless continue to experience higher poverty rates than their urban…

Between 1959 and 1979, the economic status of nonmetropolitan Black, Mexican-American, and Native American families improved substantially, but nonmetropolitan Black and Mexican-American family incomes deteriorated significantly from 1979 to 1986. Labor force commitment reduced family poverty more effectively than public assistance for all groups.…

Underemployment is another indicator of nonmetropolitan labor's disadvantaged circumstances. Yearly employment transitions during 1968 and 1993, show that compared to urban counterparts, adequately employed nonmetro workers were more likely to become underemployed; the nonmetro underemployed were less likely to become adequately employed; and…