Because each country and each instructional option provides a speical case requiring its own particular analysis, the purpose of this paper is not to provide a cost-effectiveness or cost-benefit analysis of new instructional media, but rather to provide improved information concerning costs of instructional television and radio so that the…

This survey considers the instructional effectiveness, defined in terms of achievement test results, of traditional classroom instruction, instructional radio, instructional television, programmed instruction, and computer-assisted instruction and consolidates its findings with other surveys for macroscopic, comparative consideration. (JH)

Recent studies suggest that Educational Television (ETV) broadcast from geostationary satellites can markedly reduce the cost and time required to provide educational opportunity for the citizens of large, less-developed countries. The sheer volume of educational needs precludes, however, the possibility of satisfying very many of them with only a…

The results of research on the effectiveness of four alternative instructional media are reviewed: traditional classroom instruction, instructional radio, instructional television, programed instruction, and computer-assisted instruction (CAI). It was concluded that students learn effectively from all these media; relatively few studies indicate…