This report is designed to provide human resource development professionals and their managers with a framework to help justify the costs of structured on-the-job training (OJT). The report begins by defining OJT as the one-on-one process of providing the knowledge and skills to perform a specific task within a job. These five features of OJT are described: OJT (1) occurs in the actual workplace; (2) makes use of training objectives and plans; (3) requires the active involvement of a trainer; (4) uses printed materials and job guides; and (5) employs a systems approach. The report goes on to suggest selection criteria when considering the use of structured OJT, including demands of the workplace, types of training outcomes, trainee characteristics, costs of the method and of the performance problem, and level of organizational commitment. Next discussed are the benefits of structured OJT in four major areas: effectiveness, efficiency, employee development, and organizational climate. Finally, a case-study example of the use of structured OJT in a large manufacturing organization is described, and the report concludes with brief discussions of future research opportunities. Appendixes include a list of 21 references, a comparison of unstructured and structured OJT, and tables of structured OJT selection criteria and structured OJT process. (YLB)