The use of small groups in adult literacy and basic education has been stimulated by a desire to provide a more learner-centered and collaborative learning environment. Another set of factors promoting their use is related to increased use of language experience or whole language as instructional approaches in adult literacy and basic education. Major advantages of the small group approach are as follows: it allows for integration of critical thinking, permits learners to expand their repertoire of learning strategies, breaks down the isolation and provides peer support, enhances learners' self-esteem, and creates a cooperative participative environment. There are three major disadvantages: difficulty in accommodating a wide range of needs and abilities; reconciliation of individuals' needs with the group's needs; negotiation of a learner-centered curriculum; and more preparation time. Effective groups are small, learner centered, experiential, cooperative, and participatory. Implementation considerations include selecting and training leaders, assigning learners to groups, choosing materials, and assessing learner progress. (Some resources for further information about the small group approach are listed. Nine references are included.) (YLB)