Case studies were conducted at three universities that significantly changed the status of women faculty during the 1970s. The most frequently cited factors for this success include leadership of top administrators, pressure from women faculty, and other environmental/structural changes supporting affirmative action. (Author/MLW)

Affirmative action implementation at 183 public and private doctorate-granting universities was studied. Based on high institutional scores on a change index, three universities were selected as case study sites. Factors and processes thought to account for the amount of change that occurred on behalf of women faculty on each campus during the…