Children who experience early and extensive child care, especially center-based care, are rated by teachers as having more externalizing behavior problems than are other children. This association is reduced, but not eliminated, when care is of high quality, and it varies by socioeconomic disadvantage and the type of behavior assessed. We examine…

The experiment reported here tested impacts of New Hope, an employment-based poverty intervention for adults on developmental patterns of children's participation in structured out-of-school activities, using a cross-sequential design spanning ages 6 through 19. New Hope increased participation in activities (lessons, sports, religious, clubs,…

We use observations from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and, Youth Development (SECCYD) to compare structural and process characteristics of child care centers, family child care homes (nonrelative care in a home setting) and care by relatives for 2-, 3- and 4.5-year-old children. Type of care differences in structural and caregiver…

This monograph synthesizes findings from five large-scale studies investigating welfare and employment programs in order to examine the effects on children of key policies: providing financial support for working families, requiring single parents to work, and limiting time on welfare. It identifies program features associated with effects on…

The impacts of New Hope, a program to increase parent employment and reduce poverty, were measured 5 years after parents were randomly assigned to program or control groups. New Hope had positive effects on children's school achievement, motivation, and social behavior, primarily for boys, across the age range 6-16. In comparison to impacts…

This study evaluated the New Hope Project, a demonstration program implemented in two inner-city areas in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The project offered low-income people willing to work full time an earnings supplement to raise their incomes above poverty; subsidized health insurance; subsidized child care; and help obtaining jobs. The evaluation…

This report summarizes an analysis of New Hope, a demonstration program designed to improve the lives of low-income people willing to work full time by providing several benefits (an earnings supplement to raise their income above poverty, subsidized health insurance, and subsidized child care) and offering help obtaining jobs. New Hope was…