Computers are now a ubiquitous part of US elementary school education. With policy reports suggesting that inequities in information and communication technology (ICT) access across US schools are a thing of the past, investigating how such resources and their use may nonetheless continue to vary becomes all that much more important. Through a…

A survey of rural and suburban principals in Ohio and West Virginia explored the different approaches to planning that principals take and examined two possible contextual influences: rural versus suburban locale, and state. A survey instrument based on five types of planning discussed in the literature was completed by 207 West Virginia…

Principals' support for various approaches to educational planning were examined in rural and suburban schools in Ohio and West Virginia. It was expected that rational approaches to planning would be more prevalent in suburban than rural schools and in a state with more tightly coupled bureaucratic control (West Virginia) than a less tightly…

A survey of 604 principals of suburban and rural schools in Ohio and West Virginia found that suburban Ohio principals showed less interest in traditional-consensual approaches to planning, whereas rural Ohio principals showed less interest in the new technicist approaches. Suburban West Virginia principals favored the new technicist approach,…