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Houston, John P. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 1983
Using an index of answer copying developed by Houston, it was found that rearranged questions alone did not reduce answer copying, whereas rearrangement of both questions and answers effectively eliminated detectable cheating. (Author)
Descriptors: Cheating, Higher Education, Measurement Techniques, Multiple Choice Tests

Houston, John P. – Research in Higher Education, 1976
Multiple-choice examination answer copying was indexed by a comparison of the numbers of items answered incorrectly, and in the same way, as adjacent and distant classmates. Significant copying occurred in an experiment where test performance contributed to course grade, but it did not occur when the test did not affect the grade. (Editor/LBH)
Descriptors: Cheating, Comparative Analysis, Grades (Scholastic), Higher Education