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Houston, John P. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 1977
When correlations between actual university classroom cheating behavior (multiple-choice answer copying) and pretest estimates of success, confidence, and test importance were studied answer copying correlated positively with estimates of success. Confidence in these estimates of success also correlated positively with answer copying, while…
Descriptors: Cheating, Failure, Multiple Choice Tests, Risk

Houston, John P. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 1978
Undergraduates could earn a $10 bonus by performing above average on a free-recall task. Following a pretest, success messages were manipulated. During a subsequent test, subjects could cheat. Cheating was related to anticipated success in a curvilinear fashion with medium success yielding the most cheating. Cheating and expectations are…
Descriptors: Cheating, Expectation, Feedback, Higher Education