Drawing on an ethnographic monitoring engagement with Kichwa intercultural bilingual educators in the Peruvian Amazon, we argue for ethnographic monitoring as a method and the continua of biliteracy as a heuristic for mapping biliteracy teaching in Indigenous contexts of bilingualism. Through our mapping, we uncover tensions in the teaching of…

As US classrooms approach a decade of response to No Child Left Behind, many questions and concerns remain around the education of those labeled as English language learners, in mainstream, English as a Second Language, and bilingual education classrooms. A national policy context where standardized tests dominate curriculum and instruction, and…

A framework for understanding biliteracy is proposed. It is argued that biliteracy is best understood as a series of interrelated continua defining the contexts, individual development, and media of biliteracy. The nine continua identified are discussed, and their implications for research and teaching are considered. (SLD)

Literacy in South America must be understood in terms of the linguistic diversity there, where only 2 of 14 nations and territories are monolingual. Oral traditions, standardization of indigenous languages, nonstandard varieties of colonial languages, bilingual education and mother tongue literacy, literacy teaching, and politics are discussed.…

Examines one example of an enrichment bilingual program in a middle school in an inner-city Latino neighborhood. The article discusses instances of motivated, interdisciplinary, and biliterate learning observed in the classroom, describes obstacles and solutions, and suggests directions for continued curricular development. (SM)