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Peer reviewedHolmes, Janet; Bell, Allan – Language Variation and Change, 1992
A social dialect survey of a New Zealand community documented a change in progress in the pronunciation of the vowels in words such as "air" and "ear." The data support a tentative interpretation that a shift to the variant with the closer onset for AIR words was initiated by middle-aged Pakeha women. (38 references) (Author/LB)
Descriptors: English, Foreign Countries, Language Usage, Language Variation
Peer reviewedHolmes, Janet – International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 1993
Among both first- and second-generation immigrant groups in New Zealand and Australia, women maintain the ethnic language (EL) longer than men. Compared with men's networks, women's networks encourage more extensive use of EL in social interactions, and women value the social and affective functions expressed by EL. (Contains 71 references.…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Comparative Analysis, Cultural Influences, Foreign Countries
