In today's usage the distinction between open and distance education is often blurred. Indeed, open education and open learning are not synonymous with distance education and distance learning, a fact that is readily discernible by examining the characteristics of each. Teaching and learning in distance education are based on two elements: a pre-produced course, usually a self-instructional program, and non-contiguous communication between students and tutor. The role of distance education within the organizations offering it and the ways in which it is provided and supported also vary. Open education is also a form of nontraditional education in that it stresses student personal autonomy, independent study, performance contracts, and learner controlled instruction. In this case the term 'open' is interpreted as 'free from restrictions'; however, the degree of 'openness' may be constrained by the resources available to the learner and by particular organizational policies. While distance education often serves study that is strictly controlled, open learning is frequently brought about by distance education facilities. To anyone concerned with the development of student autonomy and liberal approaches to education, this application of distance education appears promising. (50 references) (DB)