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Peer reviewedHinkel, Eli – TESOL Quarterly, 1993
In a survey, 130 English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) students were asked to describe the meanings of English tenses in terms of time concepts used in ESL grammar texts. Results suggest that grammar teaching utilizing descriptions of time accepted in English-speaking communities to explain usages and meanings of English tenses can limit learner…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Grammar, Native Speakers, Second Language Learning
Direct linkHinkel, Eli – Applied Language Learning, 2005
This study analyzes the types and frequencies of hedges and intensifiers employed in NS and NNS academic essays included in a corpus of L1 and L2 student academic texts (745 essays/220,747 words). The overarching goal of this investigation is to focus on these lexical and syntactic features of written discourse because they effectively lend…
Descriptors: Academic Discourse, Language Usage, Syntax, Written Language
