Chinese students and teachers perceive a different pattern of relationships between academic ability and effort than do American students and teachers. This study of the effect of teachers' evaluative behavior on the perceived academic ability and effort of Chinese students replicates a study by Meyer (1979) using American students. The sample…

In the study of students' achievement behavior, it has been argued that learning goals that emphasize self-improvement rather than outperforming others are more desirable. This study examined how students' learning goal orientations were related to their theories of intelligence (e.g., whether intelligence is inborn). The subjects were 400 Chinese…