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Hartley, James – Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, 2000
Lists some of the major typographic variables involved in structured abstracts (containing sub-headings). Illustrates how typography can affect clarity by presenting seven examples that illustrate the effects of these typographic variables in practice. Concludes with a final example of an effective approach. (SR)
Descriptors: Abstracts, Higher Education, Reading Comprehension, Technical Writing

Hartley, James – Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, 1999
Investigates the feasibility of using sub-headings similar to those found in structured abstracts to facilitate the writing and reading of scientific papers. Claims the use of sub-headings: (1) forces the writer to make sure no issue is forgotten; and (2) enables the reader to search for and find information more easily. (NH)
Descriptors: Abstracts, Readability, Scientific Research, Technical Writing