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Direct linkGregory, Anne; Roberts, Gabrielle – Theory Into Practice, 2017
Racial disparities in teacher-issued office discipline referrals are less discussed than the well-documented suspension gaps. Discipline referrals, like suspension, can lead to lost instructional time. Although individuals are sent out of the classroom for a range of reasons, Black students, as a group, are at greater risk of being sent out than…
Descriptors: Discipline, Discipline Policy, Discipline Problems, Disproportionate Representation
Blake, Jamilia J.; Gregory, Anne; James, Marlon; Hasan, Gwen Webb – School Psychology Forum, 2016
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate how school psychologists can proactively address disparities in school suspension through the examination of office discipline referrals (ODR). Results of two studies examining high school ODRs suggest that there is value in school psychologists disaggregating and analyzing ODRs at the school level and…
Descriptors: Disproportionate Representation, School Psychologists, Suspension, Racial Bias
