Biased tests systematically favor some groups over others as a result of factors not part of what the test is said to measure. Bias is basically a problem of differential validity. Validity can be discussed in terms of either the procedures for establishing it or test use. Both ways clarify bias in any test. For content and construct validity, the question is "Does the test measure the same thing for each group? In criterion-related situations, an important question is "Fair to whom?" Fairness to the selector is not identical with fairness to the selectees. (Author)