As alternatives to hierarchical outlining, pictorial, topical, and critical outlining kinesthetically reinforce reading comprehension and can be useful in helping older students who are learning disabled or poor readers. Examples of each approach are given. (CL)

Kinesthetic exercises which develop reading comprehension skills through action words complement exercises which develop word recognition skills. Action word exercises are often effective because they are multimodal, physical activities. Such exercises may use word lists and pantomime to reinforce recognition and remembrance of words. (CB)