This paper presents an overview of the need for theory in the field of adventure therapy. It also outlines one way of conceptualizing theories of human change as they relate to adventure therapy. The field of adventure therapy is young and has not had time to develop a coherent theoretical base. In order to contribute to the development of a shared language among adventure therapy practitioners, a conceptual map outlines program goals, the relationship of client to observer, and the resulting description of change in the client. The map illustrates the multiple perspectives on behavior change in adventure therapy programs and suggests the need to clearly articulate the theoretical and philosophical underpinnings of each program. A meta-view of "theories of action" in human change processes categorizes schools of psychotherapy as insight-based, noninsight-based, or both, and relates them to appropriate client problems, types of diagnostic issues, and goals of treatment. Also described are psychodynamic therapies focusing on the relationship between therapist and participant, "black box" therapies, and systems-based therapies. It is concluded that the program staff's philosophy and theories of human behavior are an essential part of the complex therapeutic milieu of an adventure therapy program. Contains 24 references. (SAS)