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Ringer, Martin; Gillis, H. L. – 1996
This paper presents an overview of the need for theory in the field of adventure therapy. It also outlines one way of conceptualizing theories of human change as they relate to adventure therapy. The field of adventure therapy is young and has not had time to develop a coherent theoretical base. In order to contribute to the development of a…
Descriptors: Adventure Education, Behavior Change, Behavior Theories, Change Strategies
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Ringer, Martin; Gillis, H. L. – Journal of Experiential Education, 1995
Managing the psychological depth of responses to adventure activities calls for the leader to attend to own language and language of group participants. Describes eight levels of psychological depth occurring during group discussion and interaction. Addresses the need to stay at or above the agreed-upon level and avoid moving into psychotherapy.…
Descriptors: Adventure Education, Educational Objectives, Educational Practices, Emotional Experience
Ringer, Martin; Gillis, H. L. – 1998
This paper outlines a model for assessing and managing psychological depth in outdoor and experiential group work, and presents two case studies of the complexity of such management in real life. The model contains eight levels of emotional risk and presents four criteria for assessing the level to which a particular event or discussion may lead…
Descriptors: Adventure Education, Case Studies, Emotional Response, Experiential Learning