A basic paradox is proposed: both freedom and determinism are seen as valid models although they are basically contradictory. Whether or not freedom or determinism is valid depends upon the source of information the person is using at that time. Implications of the paradox for counseling practices are discussed. (Author)

Responds to comments by Greenberg and by Patton (both this issue) addressing ambiguities in Gelso and Carter's article (this issue) on components of psychotherapy relationship. In reply, discusses issue of how general theory ought to be to have maximal impact on research and practice. Questions number of Greenberg's assertions about Gelso and…

Suggests ingredients in the therapy relationship that are common to all interventions. Examines similarities and differences in how the relationship works within the three dominant approaches to therapy to restimulate research and theory. (JAC)

Notes that all counseling and psychotherapy relationships consist of working alliance, transference configuration, and real relationship. Draws on theoretical and research literature and uses clinical examples to offer 19 propositions about how these 3 relationship components interact with one another, how each operates across course of…