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Effective Rating Scale Development for Speaking Tests: Performance Decision Trees
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Fulcher, Glenn; Davidson, Fred; Kemp, Jenny – Language Testing, 2011
Rating scale design and development for testing speaking is generally conducted using one of two approaches: the measurement-driven approach or the performance data-driven approach. The measurement-driven approach prioritizes the ordering of descriptors onto a single scale. Meaning is derived from the scaling methodology and the agreement of…
Descriptors: Speech Communication, Rating Scales, Inferences, English (Second Language)
Task Difficulty and Speaking Tests.
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Fulcher, Glenn; Reiter, Rosina Marquez – Language Testing, 2003
Reviews assumptions underlying approaches to research into speaking task difficulty and questions the view that test scores always vary with task conditions or discourse variation. Offers a new approach to defining task difficulty in terms of the interaction between pragmatic task features and first language cultural background. Results of a study…
Descriptors: Cultural Influences, Difficulty Level, Language Tests, Oral Language