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Download full textFulcher, Glenn; Svalberg, Agneta – International Journal of English Studies, 2013
Language testers operate within two frames of reference: norm-referenced (NRT) and criterion-referenced testing (CRT). The former underpins the world of large-scale standardized testing that prioritizes variability and comparison. The latter supports substantive score meaning in formative and domain specific assessment. Some claim that the…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Standardized Tests, Criterion Referenced Tests, Formative Evaluation
Direct linkFulcher, Glenn; Davidson, Fred; Kemp, Jenny – Language Testing, 2011
Rating scale design and development for testing speaking is generally conducted using one of two approaches: the measurement-driven approach or the performance data-driven approach. The measurement-driven approach prioritizes the ordering of descriptors onto a single scale. Meaning is derived from the scaling methodology and the agreement of…
Descriptors: Speech Communication, Rating Scales, Inferences, English (Second Language)
