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Freedman, Philip I.; And Others – Phi Delta Kappan, 1981
According to this research, the most effective way to reduce the stereotyped attitudes of students was to teach about the origins and harm of stereotypes. (IRT)
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Ethnic Stereotypes, Student Attitudes, Teaching Methods
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Freedman, Philip I. – Social Studies, 1982
Provides examples of a "counter-stereotype" approach for use in secondary U.S. history courses to dissipate ethnic stereotypical thinking among students. The essential elements of this approach are to cite prominent personages of atypical accomplishment and to stress the lesser known attributes of the masses of a particular culture. (RM)
Descriptors: Ethnic Bias, Ethnic Stereotypes, Secondary Education, Teaching Methods
Freedman, Philip I. – Georgia Social Science Journal, 1982
Describes how social studies teachers can help students to evaluate generalizations made about ethnic and racial groups. Discussed are kinds of questions which can be used to distinguish between ethnic commentary which is perceptive, informative, and contributive to intergroup harmony and that which is shallow, spiteful, and inimical to human…
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Ethnic Stereotypes, Questioning Techniques, Rhetorical Criticism
Freedman, Philip I.; And Others – 1979
Compared in this study is the power of a directed, conscious attempt to reduce stereotyping through the use of selected individuals who have achieved renown in endeavors not usually identified with the group of their origin with a similar effort which utilizes eminent persons on the basis of their celebrity with no regard to the nature of that…
Descriptors: Cross Cultural Studies, Elementary Secondary Education, Ethnic Groups, Ethnic Stereotypes
Freedman, Philip I. – 1978
If one accepts the premises that the school is obliged to develop respect for the right of choice regarding ethnic behavior and attitude, and that the individual has a right to be judged on his/her own merits, then it is appropriate to use a counter-stereotypic curriculum in multi-ethnic education. This approach may be defined as: (1) devotion of…
Descriptors: Cultural Pluralism, Curriculum Design, Elementary Secondary Education, Ethnic Groups
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Freedman, Philip I.; And Others – Contemporary Education, 1983
Different approaches to multiethnic education were used and evaluated in middle class secondary schools in the northeastern United States. Experimental approaches included teaching about individuals renowned in professions not usually identified with their ethnic origins and analysis and confrontation of the problem of stereotypical thinking. (PP)
Descriptors: Attitude Change, Ethnic Stereotypes, Middle Class Students, Multicultural Education