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Chireac, Silvia-Maria; Francis, Norbert; McClure, John – International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2019
This report presents findings from a follow-up exploratory study of the development of writing ability in an attempt to identify key component skills and competencies for elementary school literacy learners, grades 2nd, 4th and 6th. The first evaluation consisted in scoring first draft narrative texts for coherence, the second, an assessment of…
Descriptors: Metalinguistics, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Spanish
Heredia, Armando; Francis, Norbert – 1997
Although traditional indigenous stories are widely recognized for their artistic merits and their role in the linguistic and cultural continuity of indigenous peoples, they are seldom used in schools. This paper discusses the instructional uses of traditional coyote stories, with particular reference to bilingual revitalization programs involving…
Descriptors: Academic Discourse, American Indian Languages, American Indian Literature, Bilingual Education
Francis, Norbert – Linguistics and Education: An International Research Journal, 2005
The article reports on findings from a replication of a study of bilingual children's editing and correction strategies. The earlier study analyzed revisions that 2nd, 4th, and 6th graders made to their own compositions, written in Spanish. The present study applied the same procedure and assessment rubric to the first draft of compositions…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Personal Narratives, Scoring Rubrics, Literacy
Francis, Norbert – Language Awareness, 2004
This paper reports on a study of bilingual elementary students' oral reading miscue patterns focused on self-correction strategies. Specifically, two kinds of self-monitoring during reading were compared: self-correction for which previous context to the miscue provided no prompt to self-correct, and self-correction for which the miscue itself…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Written Language, Language Processing, Oral Reading

Francis, Norbert – Journal of Navajo Education, 1997
Discusses the relationships among bilingual education, biliteracy, diglossia, and native language maintenance. Pedagogical research in Latin American indigenous languages and Navajo indicate that indigenous language literacy instruction and bilingual methods also contribute significantly to literacy development in the national language (English or…
Descriptors: Acculturation, American Indian Education, American Indian Languages, Bilingual Education
Francis, Norbert; Nieto Andrade, Rafael – 1996
Central Mexico is home to over 20 indigenous languages whose speakers still occupy their original ancestral communities. In this region, acute language conflict between Native languages and Spanish, the official state language, greatly affects elementary school students such as those in San Isidro Buensuceso Tlaxcala and Mision de Chichimecas in…
Descriptors: American Indian Education, American Indian Languages, Bilingual Education Programs, Bilingual Students