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Peer reviewed
Direct linkFlores, Margaret M.; Hinton, Vanessa M. – Beyond Behavior, 2022
The concrete-representational-abstract (CRA) sequence of instruction is an explicit methodology for teaching mathematics using multiple representations of concepts. Learning concepts through multiple representations fosters conceptual understanding and mathematical thinking. This article describes how a special education teacher used explicit CRA…
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Elementary School Students, Emotional Disturbances, Behavior Disorders
Flores, Margaret M.; Kaffar, Bradley J.; Hinton, Vanessa – International Journal for Research in Learning Disabilities, 2019
Mathematics learning standards across the United States include conceptual knowledge of numbers and use of modeling and explanation within computation. The concrete-representational-abstract (CRA) sequence and the Strategic Instruction Model (SIM) have been shown to be effective in increasing students' fluency in computation, including…
Descriptors: Instructional Effectiveness, Direct Instruction, Mathematics Instruction, Multiplication
Head, Cynthia N.; Flores, Margaret M.; Shippen, Margaret E. – Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 2018
This study investigated the effects of a Direct Instruction (DI) reading comprehension program on the reading comprehension skills of students with autism spectrum disorder or developmental delay. Although the effectiveness of DI programs has been well documented in disability and instructional literature, effectiveness of DI for individuals with…
Descriptors: Outcomes of Education, Direct Instruction, Reading Comprehension, Autism
Flores, Margaret M.; Nelson, Cynthia; Hinton, Vanessa; Franklin, Toni M.; Strozier, Shaunita D.; Terry, LaTonya; Franklin, Susan – Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 2013
There is limited research demonstrating Direct Instruction (DI) as an effective reading comprehension intervention for students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and developmental disabilities (DD). Previous research has shown that DI, when portions of the program were implemented, resulted in increased skills (Flores & Ganz, 2007; Flores…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Language Skills, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Flores, Margaret M.; Ganz, Jennifer B. – Exceptionality, 2014
There is limited research demonstrating direct instruction (DI) as an effective language intervention for students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and developmental disabilities (DD). Existing research has shown that instruction using partial implementation of DI programs resulted in student learning (Ganz, 2007) and instruction using whole…
Descriptors: Direct Instruction, Teaching Methods, Intervention, Language Skills
Miller, C. Alan; Darch, Craig B.; Flores, Margaret M.; Shippen, Margaret E.; Hinton, Vanessa – Journal of Direct Instruction, 2011
Students with high-incidence disabilities struggle with reading comprehension due to difficulties in background knowledge and metacognitive skills, including use of self-monitoring and other strategies. In the United States, these students typically receive the majority of their instruction in general education settings. However, there is little…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, General Education, Mental Retardation, Learning Disabilities
Flores, Margaret M.; Ganz, Jennifer B. – Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, 2009
This study investigated effects of a Direct Instruction reading comprehension program implemented with students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and developmental disabilities (DD). There is little research in the area of reading comprehension for students with ASD and no research as to the effectiveness of reading comprehension Direct…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Autism, Developmental Disabilities, Teaching Methods
