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Emerson, Robert Wall; Sitar, Debbie; Erin, Jane N.; Wormsley, Diane P.; Herlich, Stephanie Leigh – Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 2009
The Alphabetic Braille and Contracted Braille Study found no difference between high and low achievers in the development of literacy skills on such measures as age, etiology of visual impairment, family attitudes and behaviors regarding literacy activities, class size, and time spent with a teacher of students with visual impairments. Some…
Descriptors: Visual Impairments, Braille, Low Achievement, Literacy
Emerson, Robert Wall; Holbrook, M. Cay; D'Andrea, Frances Mary – Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 2009
The Alphabetic Braille and Contracted Braille Study examined the reading and writing skills of young braille-reading students. Students who were introduced to more contractions earlier in instruction performed better on reading measures, such as vocabulary, decoding, and comprehension, but all students did well in spelling. Thus, the authors…
Descriptors: Braille, Writing Skills, Literacy, Reading Skills
Increased Content Knowledge of Students with Visual Impairments as a Result of Extended Descriptions
Ely, Richard; Emerson, Robert Wall; Maggiore, Theresa; Rothberg, Madeleine; O'Connell, Trisha; Hudson, Laurel – Journal of Special Education Technology, 2006
The National Center for Accessible Media has developed a technology and protocol for inserting extended, enhanced descriptions of visually based concepts into artificially paused digital video. These "eDescriptions" describe material not fully explained by a narrator and provide analogies and explanation specifically designed for…
Descriptors: Prior Learning, Narration, Visual Impairments, Grade 4